Leg cramps are caused by sudden muscle contractions, often resulting in intense pain or tightness in the calf, thigh, or foot, typically lasting a few minutes.

Dehydration is the leading cause of leg cramps, with 78% of muscle composition being water, which is essential for proper muscle function and nerve signaling.

Mineral deficiencies, particularly magnesium and potassium, contribute to leg cramps, as these minerals are crucial for muscle relaxation and can be depleted by excessive caffeine, alcohol, or sugar intake.

Alkaline blood pH can lead to muscle cramps, as higher pH levels reduce the availability of calcium ions necessary for muscle relaxation.

Muscle fatigue from overexertion increases the likelihood of cramps, as damaged muscles accumulate waste products like lactic acid, hindering oxygen supply.

Poor blood circulation can trigger leg cramps, often due to prolonged sitting or standing, pregnancy, or arterial plaque, which impairs oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles.

Certain medications, including diuretics and statins, may cause muscle cramps as a side effect, necessitating consultation with a healthcare provider for potential dosage adjustments.